Culture Aspect of Childbirth and Parenting Essay

Culture Aspect of Childbirth and Parenting - Essay Example There are so many dimensions to it that studying its dynamics could provide deep insights for health care professionals. This paper will examine the case of child birth and care in Kalahari, South Africa. It is expected that the discourse can further highlight the argument that the idiosyncrasies in various culture are especially prominent in pregnancy, child birth and parenting and that an understanding of such could empower health care professionals to be effective especially in decision-making stage when working with a highly diverse population. Kalahari is a region in southern Africa that covers parts of South Africa, Botswana, Angola, Namibia, Zambia and Zimbabwe. The Bushmen have thrived in the region for at least 20,000 years. Children and parenting among them are treated much the same way in Western societies. Babies are indulged and cared for until their survival is ensured. Sigelman and Rider (2011) noted that â€Å"babies are touched 70% of daytime hours, are breast-fed w henever they want (usually 20-40 times a day), and may not be weaned until the age of 4.† (p. 124) The way mothers and families rear their young – with the attention and importance given to this enterprise - is fundamentally the same with how Western communities and families care for their children. They are loved, protected and provided for. The Bushmen, however, practices a unique birthing culture. A very important aspect of it is how the Kalahari women aspire and value the manner of giving birth to her child unaided. At least this has been true in the case of the Bushmen tribe of Ju|’hoansi. According to Selin (2009), this is quite common across this group because solitary child birth is widely seen as an opportunity to prove one’s worth as it is considered part of the rites of passage wherein women can display their ability for self-control, in addition to the ritualistic beliefs entailed in ethnic rites of passage. (p. 17) The implication of this cult ural practice is that it exposes mothers and infants to several risk factors; the most serious of these is death. This practice appears so different from the Western idea about the entire birthing process. In most western societies such as in the United States, pregnancy and child birth is an opportunity for family, relatives and friends to lend support. They are equated with the procreation processes and, hence, are extremely important for many individuals beyond the family. In addition, anthropologists consider kinship relationships in the West as fundamentally connected with acts of birth and human understanding of procreation. (Stone 2009) And so pregnancy and birthing are considered an event of extreme interest. Rites, beliefs, myths, among other cultural practices that our community have made all feature the requirement of support and closer ties. It is normal for us to see assistance, especially those by women who possess authoritative knowledge on the process, as one with gr eat survival value for birthing mothers. This is the reason why today both the health professional such as the doctor or the midwife are actual partners in the pregnancy and the birthing enterprise. Another interesting aspect about child birth in Kalahari is the environment. Desert covers much of the area and this claimed an important impact in the childbirth beliefs and behaviors of the Bushmen. Unlike in our society, for instance, the Bushmen did not have the luxury of water for birthing. Women

The Case of the Speluncean Explorers Essay Example for Free

The Case of the Speluncean Explorers Essay The group is expected to look at the case and find answers for the points raised herein. 1. What is the context/background in which this incident occurred? How does it affect the decision making? 2. In the decision making situation, how can a balance be brought about between the necessity for a decision and the rights of some people on whose behalf such decisions are being taken? Can a decision be made for another? When and how? 3. Can a killing in self-defense be excused? Why? Does the plea of ‘self-defense’ apply to the given situation? By the same logic does one have the right to suicide-singly or collectively? 4. Do jurisdictional issues affect societal decision making? 5. Do we need a leader for taking decisions? 6. Do a leader’s opinions/values affect the decision? Is it a good thing or not? 7. Can we view this as a simple judicial decision making issue or a moral one? 8. Does ones value system play any role in shaping the final decision? The questions are endless but the answers are one’s own. If you are the judge what will you decide and why. Solution: 1. The decision occurred in a situation of necessity. Since the men were torn apart from society, from statutes, they forgot their societal values and norms, and resorted to carnal instincts. This affected the decision making since they were in a situation of desperation, and obviously could not think rationally then. They were driven by illogical and inhuman thinking. 2. A balance can be brought about by the spirit of equality in each of the people in the situation. If each of the people are given enough of right to be heard, and if they are able to speak out for themselves, then a balance can be achieved. Yes, a decision can be made for another only if the person consents to another’s opinion or decision. The person must explicitly express his consent to another making a decision on his behalf. 3. Yes, a killing in self-defense can be excused, if the person is cornered, and has no other option available, and is exposed to threat. The plea of self-defense does not apply to this situation, since the victim is not proved to have been threatening, or exposing them to any sort of danger. They are in a situation of equality, and neither party has a position of power over the other. In the given situation, it is stated that Whitmore did not consent to participate in the rolling of the die at the end, and it was against his will to participate in the gamble at the last instance, even if he did propose the idea, and plant the seed into the heads of the other 4 men. If he consented to die for the rest of the men, then his suicide is justified. They could have taken the gamble among the 4 of them, and not shared their â€Å"earnings† with Whitmore if he did not consent to participate in the gamble. 4. Yes, jurisdictional issues do affect societal decision making, since legality is opposed to morality in some cases, like in the above case. This has also been taken into question in other cases like Dudley vs. 5. Yes, a leader is needed for taking decisions, but the leader must be unanimous in his decision, and not let emotion defeat rational thinking. 6. They do influence a decision, since the leader has the trust of the members of the group, and he has the ability to influence their decision, and most of the times even change their point of view. If the leader thinks rationally, and is not biased in his decisions, then it is a good thing. However, if he uses his skill to unduly influence the decisions of his followers, even when it is against their values and beliefs, then it is detrimental. 7. It is a conflict of both – legality and morality. 8. Yes, since the law of the land is important in maintaining societal balance, and conformity. However, it must not be forgotten that laws have been made for the purpose of improving humanity, and not for destroying it. The ‘Law of Nature’ must not be used to the convenience of the defendant. If I was the judge, I would support the sentence, since the Law of Nature does not state to what degree or extent is the term â€Å"nature† used. If a person steps into a forest, he comes under the purview of ‘nature’, so is he entitled to kill another human being without the fear of being tried in court? Thus, I defer with the opinion of Judge Foster. Also, I feel that the statements put forward by him are based on emotion, and not on evidence. Also, taking into consideration the consequence of letting the men free, it is highly improbable for any of them to wipe this incident off their minds, and they would have to live in guilt, or die of it. In most cases, people go mad as a result of such incidents. They are unable to live a healthy life in society, and they are not accepted in society. These views, however, cannot be subjected to another’s. It depends on each person’s views, values and beliefs that he has been brought up with. His values would determine the type of decision he would have taken, and this can only be taken if there is Empathy felt towards the Spelunks, not just sympathy.

Examining Moral Philosophies’ Functions in Business Essay -- values, e

The Moral Philosophies’ Functions in Business Usually the conversation about philosophy in society is centered on the universal structure of values as part of their lives. Conversely moral philosophy relates to certain ideologies or statutes which are used by societies in determining right or wrong. It is imperative to comprehend there is a difference between â€Å"moral philosophies† and â€Å"business ethics†. The â€Å"moral philosophies† pertain to individual’s values, whereas â€Å"business ethics† is centered on groups’ decisions or relate to meeting a business objective. As espoused by Ferrell, et.al, (2013) the moral philosophy is what a person hold as their ethics and beliefs. However, when viewing ethics in the framework of business, ethics are based on what the group considers to be the best or worse approach for the business operation and its objectives. Therefore, it is the responsibility of a company or its managers to create, and instruct, employees on the conformity of ethical in business practices within their organizations. Managers also should understand that their personal moral philosophies can be influential as a guide to other employee. Moreover, it should be understood that moral philosophies offer standards for controlling how conflicts are settled in reference to people life’s concerns. Additionally moral philosophies influence how corporation devise business strategies and resolve specific ethical issues (Ferrell, et al., 2013, p. 153). With that said it should be noted that not one specific moral philosophy is accepted universally. This fact is proven by viewing how moral philosophies is used to are used to endorse certain economic system and the conduct of people in those systems. For the purpose of this paper... ...., Fraedrich, J. & Ferrell, L. (2013), Business ethics & social responsibility. [OMM640 Custom edition] Mason, OH: Cengage Learning Forsyth, D. R. (1992). Judging the morality of business practices: The influence of personal moral philosophies. Journal of Business Ethics, 11(5), 461. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/198100721?accountid=32521 Robertson, C. J., & Crittenden, W. F. (2003).Mapping moral philosophies: Strategic implications for multinational firms. Strategic Management Journal, 24(4), 385-392. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/225010000?accountid=32521 Singh, J., Vitell, S., Al-Khatib, J., & Clark, I. (2007). The Role of Moral Intensity and Personal Moral Philosophies in the Ethical Decision Making of Marketers: A Cross-Cultural Comparison of China and the United States. Journal of International Marketing, 15(2), 86-112.

Comparison of To His Coy Mistress and An Answer to a Love Letter :: Love Letters Poetry Poems Essays

Comparison of To His Coy Mistress and An Answer to a Love Letter These two poems are meant to be a love letters written by a man to a lady of higher disposition and an answer to that love letter, written by that lady. The first, written by Marvell is written is telling her 'Carpe Dieum' - or 'Seize the Day' this phrase sums up his poem, as that is what he is telling her to do all the time. This is shown by the way he has structured his piece he starts of explaining what they could do if they had all of the time in the world "We would sit and think which way to Pass our long loves day." This means that they would just spend the whole time talking and planning their life because he says our long loves day and in the context it could mean their life (as they will love forever, therefore all their life will just be one day full of love) then he goes on to say that although he would like to do this they cannot as they will eventually die "Times winged chariot hurrying near Thy beauty shall no more be found" He uses this imagery to show how time (death) is creeping up on them but fast, as in on a winged chariot. Then, in the logical fashion he comes up with a solution that they should "Roll all our strength and all Our sweetness into one ball." This could just means that they should 'get together and become one, possibly through matrimony or having a child hence ball. It could be a euphemism for having sex. However in Montagu's poem she uses a different argument. At first she says that he is seeing a false impression of her because of all the flattery at the beginning, then saying 'but leaving her-'tis me you pursue'. She is complimenting his wife (as the man I s already marries) trying to persuade him that his life at the moment is much better as he has a wife and money and would be stupid to leave that behind. Then she starts getting really aggressive and offensive against mankind, likening them to pug dogs, "Why should the poor pug (the mimic of your kind) Wear a rough chain and be to a box confin'd?" This is meant to be an immense insult against mankind- likening them to simple dogs, that to be fair are quite ugly and just sit on a lap to be stroked all day. In saying this she infers that men have no use but to 'be'. In the next line she begins to give you an idea about why

A street car named desire †How do the play’s settings contribute to its dramatic effect? Essay

* The Kowalski’s flat * It’s surroundings * The wider American Context The play and its author beg the question; how does the absolute appearance of surroundings affect an audience’s compassion to the drama that the play perceptibly emits? The play unquestionably needs dramatic effects to capitalise the story and also to induce and consume an audience. If, without the use of incarcerating dramatic effects from the surroundings and manipulating them into supplying the story’s tension, then it would ultimately not receive the same desirable reaction that is needed to illuminate the play. The depicted ideas of the eminent and radiating title tempts the audience with certain evocative ideas, but are ultimately confronted with a whole new concept of a darker and more dramatic story line. The audience can automatically sense this with the contrast of the title with the melancholy and hoary surroundings of the old corner building, emancipating an ‘atmosphere of decay’, betrayal, self embrace, ugliness and death. This contrast creates a poignant conflict between ideal standards the audience had prepared themselves to see. Whilst the synchronisation between ethnic groups and the humbling sounds of the â€Å"blue piano† are heard in the opening scene, these merely act as a faà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ade for the troubles that evolve when Blanche Dubois arrives. It anaesthetises the â€Å"cosmopolitan† people’s perceptions whilst masquerading Blanche’s true character. As we can see, the set consists of the Kowalski’s flat. This radiates the dramatic tension emanated from the constriction and the consistency of the close proximity of the characters. However there is a curtain that restrains the utmost confrontations of the characters, but this also forms a dramatic effect because it is so unstable and the fact that it could tear at anytime guarantees a dramatic effect. The beginning scene ends on a dramatic and disconcerting candour as the polka music enhances a tense abrupt period of elusive mourning. Music and interruptions count for most of the dramatic effects as they are the manifestations of drama, in which the audience can hear and feel the fears and grasp it’s connotations through the art of melodies. Music is an important role as it acts as a catalyst for Stanley’s unwarranted tirade. The jazz music that flows from the radio exasperatingly encourages Stanley to expose his domineering wrath. With this we can see that Stanley falls back into the depths of evolution and creates a dramatic tension from the effect of the radio. The small white radio that Stanley hurls out the window is a major theme due to it coinciding with media. It is ironic because unlike the common aspect of media, that holds society and communication together, it is lost through anger. The penetrating sounds of a locomotive strengthen the dramatic effect by indicating a dramatic tension. The locomotive that preposterously, irregularly and yet ingeniously tarnishes the intense situations between exploitations, guaranties a short freedom, rendering the tense situations and the audience and characters unconscious to hear or say anything, involuntarily perfect a contaminated quietude about the area of Elysian Fields and heighten a dramatic tension due to its astounding dramatic effect. Costume also plays an important part in creating dramatic effects through out the play. When the masculine game of poker, a game full of risk, deceit and chances arise, the men wear bright silk bowling shirts which symbolise their uncouth, masculine behaviour. Primary colours symbolises the simplicity of the men’s thoughts and behaviours; illuminating desires, hatred and power. In contrast to this, Blanche wears white; an immaculate costume free from scandal, free from responsibility, guilt and blamed. It is consumed by absurd imitation jewelleries, trying to flaunt what is not there, creating a dramatic effect as everyone can see through this feeble disguise and unavoidably see the facility of her descent. In scene four, the early morning â€Å"confusion of street cries† reflects and increases the ebbing tension, but contrasts with the narcotic serenity that is; a new day. Scene nine is perturbed with precariously high realisations and intense dramatic tensions, due to an ingenious knit work of dramatic effects and story line. There is a critical moment when the audience captures a dramatic tension, when the shouts of an old Mexican woman selling â€Å"Flores† are heard. Blanche capitulates to her â€Å"regrets and recriminations,† telling her rutted tale of sorrow with the old woman expressing her formulaic dispossessions, forming with Blanche, one speech of death. Again, the music that was ostensible throughout the scene gets vociferous with the desperate need of freedom, and the slow, blue tune sets the dramatic effect to a heart rendering misdemeanour.

French Expressions Using Bout

French Expressions Using Bout The French word un bout literally means the end of something or a bit of something. But bout has other meanings as well and is also used in dozens of idiomatic expressions, noun clauses, and prepositional phrases. Learn how to say at arms length, on its last legs, the middle of nowhere, and more with this list of expressions with bout. Possible Meanings of un bout bitendlength (of rope)patch (of sky, land)piecescraptip Expressions with bout le bout de lanmemorial serviceun bout du doigtfingertipun bout dessaiscreen test, test filmun bout filtrefilter tip (cigarette)un bout du mondethe middle of nowhere; the ends of the earthun bout de rà ´lebit part, walk-on partun bout du seinnippleun bout de terraina patch/plot of landun bon bout de cheminquite a ways, a fair distanceun bon bout de tempsa good while, quite some timeun (petit) bout de chou/zan (informal)a little kidun petit bout de femme (informal)a mere slip of a womanun petit bout dhomme (informal)a mere scrap of a man bout de brasat arms length bout carrà ©square-tipped bout de courseon its/ones last legs(tech) at full-stroke bout de forcesexhausted, worn out bout de lià ¨gecork-tipped bout de soufflebreathless, out of breath bout rondround-tipped bout portantpoint-blank bout de soufflebreathless, out of breath; on its last legs tout bout de champall the time, at every opportunityau bout deat the end/bottom of; afterau bout du compteall things consideredau bout d u filon the other end of the telephoneau bout dun momentafter a whilebout boutend to endde bout en boutfrom one end to the otherdu bout dewith the ends ofdu bout des doigtswith ones fingertipsdu bout des là ¨vresreluctantly, half-heartedlydun bout lautrefrom one end to the other, from start to finishdun bout lautre de lannà ©eall year longen bout deat the end/bottom ofen bout de courseon its/ones last legs; ultimatelyjusquau bout(right) to the endjusquau bout des onglesthrough and through, right to ones fingertipssur le bout deon the tip ofsen aller par tous les bouts (informal)to be falling apartapplaudir du bout des doigtsto clap half-heartedlyconnaà ®tre un bout de (informal)to know a thing or two aboutà ªtre boutto be exhausted; to be angry, out of patienceà ªtre bout deto be out ofà ªtre au bout de ses peinesto be out of the woods; to have no more troublesà ªtre au bout du rouleau (informal)to be exhausted; to be running out of money; to be near deathfaire un bout d e chemin ensembleto be together for a while (as a couple)joindre les deux boutsto make ends meetlire un livre de bout en boutto read a book cover to covermanger du bout des dentsto nibblemettre les bouts(fam) to skedaddle, scarpermontrer le bout de son nezto show ones face, peep around (the corner, door)parcourir une rue de bout en boutto go from one end of a street to the otherpointer le bout de son nezto show ones face, peep around (the corner, door)porter quelque chose bout de brasto struggle to keep something goingpousser quelquun boutto push someone to the limit / too farprendre quelque chose par le bon boutto handle/approach something the right waysavoir quelque chose sur le bout du doigt / des doigtsto know something inside and outtenir le bon bout (informal)to be on the right track; to be past the worst of somethingvenir bout de nounto get through, succeed, overcome somethingvoir le bout du tunnelto see the light at the end of the tunnelÇa fait un (bon) bout (de chem in). (informal)Thats a long way.Ce nest pas le bout du monde  !It wont kill you! Its not the end of the world!Commenà §ons par un bout.Lets get started / make a start.Le soleil montre le bout de son nez.The sun is (barely) out.On ne sait pas par quel bout le prendre.You just dont know how to handle/approach it.​ On nen voit pas le bout.There doesnt seem to be any end to it.

Fainting Fangirls Essays

Fainting Fangirls Essays Fainting Fangirls Paper Fainting Fangirls Paper Fainting Fingernails Imagine youre an obsessed teenage fan. Now imagine your favorite band member, your idol. You look up to them, talk like them, act like them, you even try to dress like them. You know every single thing about their life except where they get their clothes, until you walk into your local Hot Topic and stumble across an ad with said band member on it. Excited to see what the ad is about, you rush over to it. In big, bold letters are the words Get in Our Pants. Your eyes go wide as you realize that you could finally dress the same as your hero. You look back at the ad and admire that beautiful soul frozen in motion as they perform. At that moment you know your dream of getting in their pants has finally come true. With these thoughts in mind it makes it clear that Hot Topics ad for skinny Jeans entitled Get in Our Pants is directed towards teenage fans. Illustrated with band members accompanied by such a title gives you a clear view of the intended audience. The band members chosen for the ads are from todays most popular punk, metal, and rock bands. The fan base has a rather broad range however it is mostly focused around teens. : The whole Get in Our Pants slogan is creative. Most people view this as Just a clever pun, but to a fanning this is what theyve been writing all of their fan- fiction about. The idea that they could actually have sex with the people they Idealize. This play on words actually pulls them In. In a guy fans point of view It could be a way to pick up a girl that likes the same kind of music as you. To most this is Just an ad for really tight pants, but to them this Is so much more than that. You know that this ad Is not for young children because of the sexual undertone of the slogan. A child more than likely would also not recognize the person Jumping around on a stage. That being said you could say the same thing for an older audience. The folks who still think that Bloodied and Kiss are still the big shots In the rock music Industry today would Just shake their head and ask why the fellow holding the microphone Is wearing girls pants and when hes going to get a haircut. Hot Topics merchandise however Is made for a certain audience as well. They reach out to teens and young adults, ages ranging from 13-25 to people of a certain style, people with a love for dark and rebellious things. A store for those who are usually outcasts. This ad helps both draw In and excite the exact crowd that the company Is looking for. All of these reasons and examples proves that this ad Is great for reaching the audience that Hot Topic prefers, band obsessed fans and music loving young adults with a rebellious side. Word count: 515 By Electorates fiction about. The idea that they could actually have sex with the people they idealize. This play on words actually pulls them in. In a guy fans point of view it could be a ad for really tight pants, but to them this is so much more than that. You know that this ad is not for young children because of the sexual undertone of audience. The folks who still think that Bloodied and Kiss are still the big shots in the rock music industry today would Just shake their head and ask why the fellow holding the microphone is wearing girls pants and when hes going to get a haircut. Hot Topics merchandise however is made for a certain audience as well. They usually outcasts. This ad helps both draw in and excite the exact crowd that the company is looking for. All of these reasons and examples proves that this ad is great

United States Transforming International Institutions

United States Transforming International Institutions United States Transforming International Institutions On thÐ µ onÐ µ hand, thÐ µ US has bÐ µÃ µn thÐ µ grÐ µatÐ µst champion in transforming intÐ µrnational institutions in thÐ µ twÐ µntiÐ µth cÐ µntury, urging on thÐ µ world various sorts of nÐ µw organizational crÐ µations. On thÐ µ othÐ µr hand, AmÐ µrica has also tÐ µndÐ µd to rÐ µsist tying itsÐ µlf in institutional commitmÐ µnts and obligations. Across thÐ µ cÐ µnturyand in particular at thÐ µ major post-war turning points of 1919, 1945, and 1989thÐ µ UnitÐ µd StatÐ µs pursuÐ µd ambitious stratÐ µgiÐ µs that includÐ µd thÐ µ usÐ µ of a rangÐ µ of tools to rÐ µmakÐ µ intÐ µrnational ordÐ µr. No othÐ µr country has advancÐ µd such far-rÐ µaching and Ð µlaboratÐ µ idÐ µas about how institutions might bÐ µ Ð µmployÐ µd to organizÐ µ and managÐ µ thÐ µ rÐ µlations bÐ µtwÐ µÃ µn statÐ µs. But dÐ µspitÐ µ this Ð µnthusiasm for crÐ µating institutions and a rulÐ µ-basÐ µd intÐ µrnational ordÐ µr, thÐ µ UnitÐ µd StatÐ µs bÐ µÃ µn rÐ µluctant to connÐ µct itsÐ µlf to thÐ µsÐ µ institutions and rulÐ µs. An obvious hypothÐ µsis is that thÐ µ UnitÐ µd StatÐ µs organizÐ µs and opÐ µratÐ µs within intÐ µrnational institutions whÐ µn it can dominatÐ µ thÐ µm and rÐ µsists doing so whÐ µn it cannot. But a slightly morÐ µ complÐ µx sÐ µt of calculations sÐ µÃ µm to bÐ µ involvÐ µd. This papÐ µr, by rÐ µfÐ µrring to thÐ µ concÐ µpts analyzÐ µd by Brooks and Wohlforth (2009), arguÐ µs that AmÐ µrica should activÐ µly strÐ µngthÐ µn and promotÐ µ its position in transforming intÐ µrnational institutions and variations in its institutional rÐ µlations with Ð µuropÐ µ in ordÐ µr to sÐ µcurÐ µ its influÐ µncÐ µ on thÐ µ global lÐ µvÐ µl (Durch, 2003). ThÐ µ attraction of institutional agrÐ µÃ µmÐ µnts for AmÐ µrica is that it potÐ µntially locks othÐ µr statÐ µs into stablÐ µ and prÐ µdictablÐ µ policy oriÐ µntations, thÐ µrÐ µby rÐ µducing its nÐ µÃ µd to usÐ µ forcÐ µ. But thÐ µ pricÐ µ that thÐ µ UnitÐ µd StatÐ µs must pay for this institutionalizÐ µd coopÐ µration is a rÐ µduction in its own policy autonomy and its rÐ µducÐ µd ability to Ð µxÐ µrcisÐ µ powÐ µr. ThÐ µ cÐ µntral quÐ µstion that AmÐ µrican policy-makÐ µrs havÐ µ confrontÐ µd ovÐ µr thÐ µ dÐ µcadÐ µs aftÐ µr 1945 in rÐ µgard to its Ð µconomic and sÐ µcurity tiÐ µs with Ð µuropÐ µ, and Ð µlsÐ µwhÐ µrÐ µ around thÐ µ world as wÐ µll, is: how much policy lock is worth rÐ µduction in AmÐ µrican policy autonomy and rÐ µstraints on its powÐ µr? ThÐ µ answÐ µr liÐ µs in thÐ µ hÐ µart of thÐ µ concÐ µpt that institutional agrÐ µÃ µmÐ µnts can lock othÐ µr statÐ µs into a rÐ µlativÐ µly stablÐ µ ordÐ µr (RÐ µisman, 2000). ThÐ µ institutions hÐ µlp crÐ µatÐ µ a morÐ µ favorablÐ µ and cÐ µrtain political Ð µnvironmÐ µnt in which thÐ µ lÐ µading statÐ µ pursuÐ µs its intÐ µrÐ µsts. This is possiblÐ µ bÐ µcausÐ µ institutions can opÐ µratÐ µ as mÐ µchanisms of political control. WhÐ µn a statÐ µ agrÐ µÃ µs to tiÐ µ itsÐ µlf to thÐ µ commitmÐ µnts and obligations of an intÐ µr-statÐ µ institution, it is agrÐ µÃ µing to rÐ µducÐ µ its policy autonomy. A lÐ µading statÐ µ that has crÐ µatÐ µd an institutionalizÐ µd ordÐ µr that works to its long-tÐ µrm bÐ µnÐ µfit is bÐ µttÐ µr off than a lÐ µading statÐ µ opÐ µrating in a frÐ µÃ µ-floating ordÐ µr rÐ µquiring thÐ µ constant and costly Ð µxÐ µrcisÐ µ of powÐ µr to gÐ µt its way (RÐ µisman, 2000). Institutions can sÐ µrvÐ µ at lÐ µast two purposÐ µs in intÐ µrnational rÐ µlations. First, as somÐ µ critics arguÐ µ, institutions can hÐ µlp solvÐ µ intÐ µrnational problÐ µms by rÐ µducing thÐ µ commitmÐ µnt problÐ µms and transaction costs that stand in thÐ µ way of Ð µfficiÐ µnt and mutually bÐ µnÐ µficial political Ð µxchangÐ µ (Litan, 2000). But institutions arÐ µ also instrumÐ µnts of political control. As TÐ µrry MoÐ µ (1990, p. 213) arguÐ µs, political institutions arÐ µ also wÐ µapons of coÐ µrcion and rÐ µdistribution. ThÐ µy arÐ µ thÐ µ structural mÐ µans by which political winnÐ µrs pursuÐ µ thÐ µir own intÐ µrÐ µsts, oftÐ µn at thÐ µ Ð µxpÐ µnsÐ µ of political losÐ µrs. A winning political party in CongrÐ µss will try to writÐ µ thÐ µ committÐ µÃ µ voting rulÐ µs to favor its intÐ µrÐ µsts. Similarly, in intÐ µrnational rÐ µlations, a powÐ µrful statÐ µ will want to makÐ µ its advantagÐ µs as systÐ µmatic an d durablÐ µ as possiblÐ µ by trying to tiÐ µ wÐ µakÐ µr statÐ µs into favorablÐ µ institutional arrangÐ µmÐ µnts (OstrowÐ µr, 1998). ThÐ µ attraction of institutional agrÐ µÃ µmÐ µnts for thÐ µ UnitÐ µd StatÐ µs is twofold. First, if AmÐ µrica can gÐ µt othÐ µr statÐ µs to tiÐ µ thÐ µmsÐ µlvÐ µs to a multilatÐ µral institution that dirÐ µctly or indirÐ µctly sÐ µrvÐ µs its long-tÐ µrm intÐ µrÐ µsts, it will not nÐ µÃ µd to spÐ µnd its rÐ µsourcÐ µs to constantly forcÐ µ othÐ µr statÐ µs. It is thÐ µ most powÐ µrful statÐ µ, hÐ µncÐ µ, it is likÐ µly that it would win many or most of thÐ µ Ð µndlÐ µss distributivÐ µ battlÐ µs with subordinatÐ µ statÐ µs, but locking thÐ µsÐ µ lÐ µssÐ µr statÐ µs into institutional agrÐ µÃ µmÐ µnts rÐ µducÐ µs thÐ µsÐ µ costs of Ð µnforcÐ µmÐ µnt (Litan, 2000). SÐ µcond, if thÐ µ institutional agrÐ µÃ µmÐ µnt has somÐ µ dÐ µgrÐ µÃ µ of connÐ µction, thÐ µ institution may continuÐ µ to providÐ µ favorablÐ µ outcomÐ µs for thÐ µ lÐ µading statÐ µ Ð µvÐ µn aftÐ µr its powÐ µr capacitiÐ µs havÐ µ dÐ µcli nÐ µd in rÐ µlativÐ µ tÐ µrms. Institutions can both consÐ µrvÐ µ and prolong thÐ µ powÐ µr advantagÐ µs of thÐ µ lÐ µading statÐ µ (Litan, 2000). But why would wÐ µakÐ µr statÐ µs agrÐ µÃ µ to bÐ µ tiÐ µd in? WÐ µakÐ µr statÐ µs havÐ µ two potÐ µntial incÐ µntivÐ µs to buy into thÐ µ lÐ µading statÐ µ's institutional agrÐ µÃ µmÐ µnt. First, if thÐ µ institutional agrÐ µÃ µmÐ µnt also puts limits and rÐ µstraints on thÐ µ bÐ µhavior of thÐ µ lÐ µading statÐ µ, this would bÐ µ wÐ µlcomÐ µ. In intÐ µrnational rÐ µlationships, thÐ µsÐ µ lÐ µssÐ µr statÐ µs arÐ µ subjÐ µct to thÐ µ unrÐ µstrainÐ µd and unprÐ µdictablÐ µ domination of thÐ µ lÐ µading statÐ µ. If thÐ µy bÐ µliÐ µvÐ µd that crÐ µdiblÐ µ limits could bÐ µ placÐ µd on thÐ µ indiscriminatÐ µ actions of thÐ µ lÐ µading statÐ µ, this might bÐ µ Ð µnough of an attraction to justify an institutional agrÐ µÃ µmÐ µnt. SÐ µcond, whÐ µn thÐ µ lÐ µading statÐ µ doÐ µs in fact control its bÐ µhavior it is giving up somÐ µ opportunitiÐ µs to usÐ µ its powÐ µr to gain immÐ µdiatÐ µ rÐ µturns on its pow Ð µr (Durch, 2003). At thÐ µ samÐ µ timÐ µ, wÐ µakÐ µr statÐ µs may havÐ µ rÐ µason to gain soonÐ µr rathÐ µr than latÐ µr. ThÐ µ discount ratÐ µ for futurÐ µ gains is potÐ µntially diffÐ µrÐ µnt for thÐ µ lÐ µading and thÐ µ lÐ µssÐ µr statÐ µs, and this makÐ µs an institutional bargain potÐ µntially morÐ µ mutually dÐ µsirablÐ µ. SÐ µvÐ µral hypothÐ µsÐ µs follow immÐ µdiatÐ µly from this modÐ µl of statÐ µ powÐ µr and institutions. First, AmÐ µrica should try to lock othÐ µr statÐ µs into institutionalizÐ µd policy oriÐ µntations whilÐ µ trying to minimizÐ µ its own limitations on policy autonomy and discrÐ µtionary powÐ µr (Durch, 2003). In othÐ µr words, Ð µach individual within a complÐ µx organizational hiÐ µrarchy is continually Ð µngagÐ µd in a dual strugglÐ µ: to tiÐ µ his collÐ µaguÐ µs to prÐ µcisÐ µ rulÐ µ-basÐ µd bÐ µhavior, thÐ µrÐ µby crÐ µating a morÐ µ stablÐ µ and cÐ µrtain Ð µnvironmÐ µnt in which to opÐ µratÐ µ, whilÐ µ also trying to rÐ µtain as much autonomy and discrÐ µtion as possiblÐ µ for himsÐ µlf (OstrowÐ µr, 1998, p. 67). Similarly, lÐ µading statÐ µs will try to lock othÐ µr statÐ µs in as much as possiblÐ µ whilÐ µ also trying to rÐ µmain as dÐ µtachÐ µd as possiblÐ µ from institutional rulÐ µs and obligations. SÐ µcond , thÐ µ lÐ µading statÐ µ will makÐ µ usÐ µ of its ability to limit its capacity to Ð µxÐ µrcisÐ µ powÐ µr in indiscriminatÐ µ and arbitrary ways as mÐ µans to buy thÐ µ institutional coopÐ µration of othÐ µr statÐ µs. TakÐ µn togÐ µthÐ µr, thÐ µsÐ µ considÐ µrations allow onÐ µ to sÐ µÃ µ how AmÐ µrica and wÐ µakÐ µr statÐ µs might makÐ µ tradÐ µ-offs about binding thÐ µmsÐ µlvÐ µs togÐ µthÐ µr through intÐ µrnational institutions. ThÐ µ morÐ µ thÐ µ lÐ µading statÐ µ is capablÐ µ of dominating and abandoning wÐ µakÐ µr statÐ µs, thÐ µ morÐ µ wÐ µakÐ µr statÐ µs will carÐ µ about rÐ µstraints on thÐ µ lÐ µading statÐ µ's Ð µxÐ µrcisÐ µ of powÐ µr. Similarly, thÐ µ morÐ µ a potÐ µntially dominating statÐ µ can in fact crÐ µdibly rÐ µstrain and commit itsÐ µlf, thÐ µ morÐ µ wÐ µakÐ µr statÐ µs will bÐ µ intÐ µrÐ µstÐ µd in pursuing an institutional bargain. WhÐ µn both thÐ µsÐ µ conditions hold, AmÐ µrica will bÐ µ particularly willing and ablÐ µ to pursuÐ µ an institutional bargain.

Electronic Devices Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Electronic Devices - Essay Example First these devices are introduced and their symbols are presented. Then a historical paragraph is written which throws light on the evolution of modern Op-amplifiers. In the subsequent sections operating modes and two applications, i.e., over temperature sensing circuit and analog to digital convertor are presented. The report is concluded with the references used and a paragraph of conclusions drawn from this study. The term operational amplifier goes all the way back to about 1943 where this name was mentioned in a paper written by john linear R. Ragazzinni with the title â€Å"Analysis of problems inverting dynamics† and also covered the work of technical aid George A. it was 1947 that the operational amplifier concepts was originally advanced. The vary first series of modular solid state operational amplifier were introduce by Burr-Brown Research corporation and G.A Philbrick Researches Inc. in 1962. The op-amp has been a workhorse of linear systems ever since. A developm ental background of the op amp begins early in the twentieth century, starting with certain fundamental beginnings. Of these, there were two key inventions very early in the century. The first was not an amplifier, but a two-element vacuum-tube-based rectifier. The input stage is a differential amplifier. The differential amplifier used as an input stage provides differential inputs and a frequency response down to d.c. The first was not an amplifier, but a two-element vacuum-tube-based rectifier.

Business argument and ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Business argument and ethics - Essay Example Historically in the United States, government has been wary of large corporations who appear to accumulate monopolistic powers where they control both the supply of a particular commodity as well as its price. The belief is that monopolies constrain competition and that prices are kept at an artificially high level as a result. In some instances, government has gone so far as to order these huge corporations to be spilt into smaller companies. This occurred early on with the railroads and more recently with the Bell system of telephone companies. The latest industry that finds itself in the sights of government regulators is the information technology sector in general and the Microsoft Corporation in particular. This essay examines Microsoft’s business practices and argues that the company has an unfair market advantage in violation of federal anti-trust laws. Microsoft Corporation is an international computer technology company that produces hardware and software products for computer-related devices worldwide. The company is a leader in technological innovation and excellence and for years has dominated the market for computer operating systems software. Critics of Microsoft’s business practices argue that its monopoly over essential software technologies places its competitors at an unfair disadvantage. This is particularly the case for Microsoft’s operating system software, Windows. The majority of computers sold worldwide with the exception of Apple, come with Microsoft Windows operating system installed. Microsoft also provides a number of application software programs that are compatible only with Windows. Microsoft is also the major player in the rapidly expanding and lucrative Internet market, although Google has also certainly become a legitimate competitor in the Internet environment as well. Internet Explorer was the browser of choice for several

IT Consultancies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

IT Consultancies - Essay Example This paper reports on information technology consultancies for small and medium enterprises. IT consultancies The small and medium enterprises have embraced information technology developments and have established demand for consultancy services. Some of the enterprises’ consulting services in information technology applications include the following, as are offered by SME consulting services. Web design Customer relationship management Content management system E-commerce Custom application development Design outsource (Sme, 2010) Justifications of the information technology consultancies Application of the consultancies by the enterprises, the derived benefits of the applications as well as the fact that the small and medium enterprises have limited financial capacities to purchase or develop their own applications justifies the need for information technology consultancies. Features of each consultancy however identify specialized justification for each consultancy services . Web design is for instance an essential tool to every organization because of the globalized market that is dominated by the internet technology. Having an organization’s web site is therefore essential to reaching its target stakeholders. The quality of a developed website is also essential to an organization’s target customers as a marketing strategy towards a competitive advantage. Achieving an objective of developing an effective website therefore require expertise knowledge in â€Å"web design,† â€Å"flash and multimedia,† developing sites that have â€Å"interactive sound,† and â€Å"content management system† (Sme, 2010, p. 1). The derived benefits from application of content management system also justify the need for its consultancy services. This is because of its scope that promotes effectiveness and efficacy in data management and management of website pages that is instrumental to forecasting and management of trends for orga nizational decision making, and marketing through exploiting audience’ tastes and attitudes in developing website’s content. Some of the specialized services from content management system include â€Å"professional content designs,† developed potential to adjust information content, search assistance options, and add inns to an organization’s web pages (Sme, 2010, p. 1). Similarly, technological developments towards reliance on the internet also identify the need for business initiatives over the internet. Communication towards agreements for sale of property and transfer of ownership is for example easier and faster over the internet, especially in the globalized market where geographical gap hampers traditional methods of written communication. Achieving the desired communication efficiencies however requires specialized tools that are offered by E-commerce consultancy. The consultancy accords diversified services such as interlinked classes of product s and suppliers, diversified currencies and languages for communication, products evaluation, and feedbacks on the products, services for ordering and paying for commodities, and relevant calculations from transactions. These services’ ability to enhance electronic business transactions therefore justifies the need for the consultancy towards efficiency and effectiveness (Sme, 2010). Customer relationship management is another essential element of an enterprise’s management, and development and application of its model justifies the nee

The Importance of Health Insurance Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Importance of Health Insurance - Assignment Example It is easy to apply as reimbursement provider.Conclusion. By implementing the required processing steps, the provider applicant can easily seek approval as the official medical nutrition therapy service provider. Proper coding helps ensure all medical nutrition therapy billings are reimbursed. Many health insurance providers offer 100 percent medical nutrition therapy reimbursements to diabetes mellitus patients. Evidently, Medicare and several insurance companies offer reimbursement of medical nutrition therapy. Reimbursement is information to dietetics professionals because they are confident their services can be paid quicker. By implementing the reimbursement steps, insurance companies or organizations can easily reimburse the patients and registered dietitian service providers. Further, the project objectives include learning whether diabetes patients can avail of reimbursements for medical nutrition therapy sessions. Another objective is to learn the importance of coding in the immediate release of reimbursements. A third objective is to learn the importance of health insurance in reducing the rehabilitation expenses of the diabetes mellitus patients. Furthermore, the MNT reimbursement requires the proper coding and billing to ensure quicker reimbursement processes. Each Code 97803 equates to 15 minutes follow up MNT visit. Each Code 97804 equates to 30 minutes Group MNT visit. Telehealth Codes are used for real-time interactive and video communication activities. The ICD Codes annually updated diagnosis. Code 250.00 represents diabetes. Moreover, the diabetes mellitus medical condition occurs when the patient is diagnosed with a chronic lifetime ailment. The ailment indicates the patient loses the normal capacity to maximize energy found in swallowed food. There are different types of the ailment.  

Classwork Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Classwork - Coursework Example In most cases, the security guards are the prime targets of murder since the killers would be bent on stealing from the premises manned by the guards. The degree of poverty is very high especially in urban areas comprising of people belonging to low income brackets. Many people in different parts of South Africa often find it difficult to make ends meet against pressing economic constraints and they often resort to violent crimes that often result in death of the victims. Such types of crimes can be attributed to the social strain theory that suggests that people commit crime after they fail to achieve certain goals due to economic constraints. In South Africa, many people live in poverty and they experience different types of hardships which lead them to commit different types of crime to earn a living. Murder is a punishable offence and it should never be condoned under any circumstance. Though death penalty is prohibited by the South African law, the culprit in this case should get a harsh sentence in order to deter the would-be offenders from committing the same crime in future. This will help eradicate violent crime in this country. In this case, the culprit deserves a long custodial sentence, even life imprisonment because he is a danger to the society. The murderer deserved to rot in prison since there is no person with a right to kill another person. This will also help people to value other individuals’ lives such that they will not be tempted to commit heinous crimes like murder. To a larger extent, it can be observed that mental health plays a part in criminal behavior. Geldard (1963) posits to the effect that people who have mental health problems are likely to commit violent crimes as a result of their mental instability. In some cases, these people are infuriated by small things and they can react violently which can lead to the

The Importance of Health Insurance Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Importance of Health Insurance - Assignment Example It is easy to apply as reimbursement provider.Conclusion. By implementing the required processing steps, the provider applicant can easily seek approval as the official medical nutrition therapy service provider. Proper coding helps ensure all medical nutrition therapy billings are reimbursed. Many health insurance providers offer 100 percent medical nutrition therapy reimbursements to diabetes mellitus patients. Evidently, Medicare and several insurance companies offer reimbursement of medical nutrition therapy. Reimbursement is information to dietetics professionals because they are confident their services can be paid quicker. By implementing the reimbursement steps, insurance companies or organizations can easily reimburse the patients and registered dietitian service providers. Further, the project objectives include learning whether diabetes patients can avail of reimbursements for medical nutrition therapy sessions. Another objective is to learn the importance of coding in the immediate release of reimbursements. A third objective is to learn the importance of health insurance in reducing the rehabilitation expenses of the diabetes mellitus patients. Furthermore, the MNT reimbursement requires the proper coding and billing to ensure quicker reimbursement processes. Each Code 97803 equates to 15 minutes follow up MNT visit. Each Code 97804 equates to 30 minutes Group MNT visit. Telehealth Codes are used for real-time interactive and video communication activities. The ICD Codes annually updated diagnosis. Code 250.00 represents diabetes. Moreover, the diabetes mellitus medical condition occurs when the patient is diagnosed with a chronic lifetime ailment. The ailment indicates the patient loses the normal capacity to maximize energy found in swallowed food. There are different types of the ailment.  

Capital Crime in an Incident of Mass Shooting Essay

Capital Crime in an Incident of Mass Shooting - Essay Example It was broadly anticipated that his attorneys would try defending him by entering a diminished capacity plea. However, in the preliminary hearing, they said they needed more time because they were not yet ready to enter such a plea yet (Ingold 2). A plea of diminished capacity is a defense excuse in which the accused agrees to have broken the law but argues that they cannot be fully liable of the crime due to compromised, diminished or impaired mental functionality (Mandery 45). According to Bronner (1), Holmes’ attorneys said in the preliminary hearing that they required more time to review and peruse the huge pile of documentation regarding the case. The presiding Judge in the preliminaries, William Blair Sylvester of Colorado State District Court, also wary of moving the case too fast due to the possibility of eventual appeal that could gather its support from the manner in which the case was handled agreed to a later date rather than proceeding with the arraignment. After the attorney of the accused claimed that Holm was unprepared to enter any plea on March 12, 2013, the Colorado judge entered the not guilty plea (Ingold 2). According to Ingold (2), two weeks later on March 12, the accused attorneys communicated their intention of pleading guilty in order to avoid the death penalty. On the next day, the prosecutors said that they would not accept that offer. Therefore, on 2013 June 4, Holmes pleaded not guilty on the grounds of insanity. The judg e accepted this plea thereafter scheduling the trial for 2014 October. Considering the whole matter from Holmes’ attorney point of perception there are two options for his defendant. His client may plead diminished capacity or he may plead insanity, which he already has. Diminished capacity, which was a possibility in the early stages of the case is now not an option for the defense team.  

Final Exam - Latest Essay Example for Free

Final Exam Latest Essay 1) When a manager makes use of a SWOT analysis, one of his or her objectives is to 2) 2) A company that wants to distinguish itself from the competition in the marketplace is most likely using which of the following strategies? 3) 3) An organization’s ________ goals are official statements of what an organization says its goals are. 4) 4) When planning for unexpected events, a company is using which of the following techniques? 5) 5) The ________ determines the number of levels and managers in an organization. 6) 6) Which of the following is a characteristic of an organic organization? 7) Which of the following is a characteristic of a matrix organization? 8) Searching for new ideas beyond an organization’s boundaries and allowing changes to easily transfer inward and outward is known as ________. 9) Which of the following stages is when the group structure is in place and accepted by the group members? 10) Conflicts can be resolved by satisfying one’s own needs at the expense of others. This conflict- management technique is known as ________. 11) Which of the following statements is true about group decision making? 12) According to the Ohio State studies, which of the following dimensions of leader behavior refers to the extent to which a leader is likely to define and structure his or her role and the roles of group members to meet goals? 13) Which leadership theory is derived from the belief that a leader’s job is to remove pitfalls and roadblocks so followers can achieve their work goals? 14) If Carol Reece is a charismatic leader, which of the following characteristics is she most likely to possess? 15) Indira Patel has been working in her organization’s computer security department for the past 10Â  years. If another employee follows Indira’s recommendations in a given situation, based on her expertise in computer security, which source of power is Indira using? 16) Melvin manages a team of 10 employees, including Jane and Jared. Jared is leaving the organization to find a job as a manager in another field. Meanwhile, due to performance issues, Melvin terminates Jane’s employment with the company. Both of these are examples of what type of employee behavior? 17) Thomas often annoys his coworkers with his talkativeness and assertive personality. According to the Big Five Model of personality, Thomas would be described as high in the trait of 18) Kelly is interviewing candidates to fill a vacancy on her team. One candidate has a degree from a prestigious university, and Kelly is impressed. In speaking with her fellow members of the interview panel, however, Kelly finds that no one else enjoyed the interview with the candidate, finding her to be pompous, aggressive, and self-serving. In her focus on only the candidate’s education, Kelly may have fallen victim to 19) It is crucial to determine an acceptable _____ during the comparing step in the control process. 20) If a manager rationalizes that he or she does not have time to investigate the source of a problem and instead resorts to putting out fires, the manager is missing the use of 21) Why are feedforward controls more rarely implemented as compared to other types of controls?

Sound Technique In Amadeus

Sound Technique In Amadeus The film was mainly about how Salieri was jealous of Mozarts musical talent and achievements and how he always wanted to be like him. Mozart was a child who played the piano and violin from the age of five and was considered the most talented child as a musician. During his life time, he composed over 600 pieces of his music and work. After the death of Salieris father, Salieri moved to Vienna and produced a lot of musical peaces until he was promoted to be in the position of court composer. The emperor then learns about Mozart and chooses to assign an opera especially for him. When Mozart moved to Vienna and performed his opera, it was a great success and thats when Salieris envying started to grow up more and more. Salieri started his battle with God, after comparing Mozarts wonderful pieces of music to the sound of God. And by that his misery and madness continued to grow. Moreover, after too many music and hard work, Mozart was exhausted and Salieri decided to take this chance an d take his revenge by making Mozart work to death. Salieri sends a spy costumed as a home maid to work in Mozarts house. She then goes back to Salieri and tells him about all whats going on in Mozarts house and how he works all day long, with his health condition getting worse by each day. Finally, Mozart dies before finishing the piece of requiem he was writing. Also, Salieri believed that God would rather destroy his great beloved Mozart rather than letting Salieri share a small part of the glory of killing Mozart. He also believed that God kept him alive for thirty two years to torture him. Sound Technique: Sound is one of the most essential tools of expressing messages in a movie. The art of film is Sound; it adds meaning into the film. Some films had full orchestras and others had piano playing as a background of the film. Music in films was played for both artistic and practical reasons. Sound is divided into two types: synchronizing and nonsynchronous sound. Also, sound made acting seems more natural. As the Frenchman Rene Clair thought, sound shouldnt be used indiscriminately but rather it should be used selectively. He also thought that just like images, sound can be edited in films as well. Moreover, he thinks that just as the eye, the ear is discerning too (Giannetti, 2010). Sound effects in films create certain atmosphere, but also can be a great source to add meaning into the film. The cinematic sound is mixed in a studio after the shot of a scene has been taken. The sound editor then collects all different sounds in a film. The sound mixer then selects the pitch, volume, and tempo of each sound in the film. Sound in films can be either diegetic or nondiegetic, which means sounds that can be heard or sounds that couldnt be heard. Moreover, high pitched sounds generate tension and are frequently used in suspense sequence, during or before the films climax. Beside, low pitched sounds can too generate mystery and anxiety. Some suspense sequences starts with similar sounds. Furthermore, low frequency sounds are less tense. Moreover, the sound volume could be either loud or quiet. Loud sounds are likely intense and threatening. And quiet sounds are likely to be more delicate and hesitant. Additionally, the faster the tempo of the sound the more tension it g enerates and vice versa. Also, off screen sounds build up the image ahead of the frame. Film directors use those off screen sounds to create anxiety. Usually, film directors clean up the soundtracks of the movies from all the irrelevant noises. Also, internal emotions in films can be showed by using sound effects. Complete silence in films also could bring up meaning and create a certain mood. Complete silence is likely to generate some form of tension in films and brings up the feeling that something impending is nearly going to happen. An example of silence in movies could be using freeze frame, silence in a sound film can be used to symbolize death, because we tend to associate sound with the presence of ongoing life (Giannetti, 2010 p.212). Music can create a more convincing atmosphere of time and place. (Prendergast, 2005). Any filmmaker or director should use music effectively, after knowing what exactly they want from music. Music can create a specific mood or feeling to the film. Some types of music can imply locales, classes, and ethnic groups to the film. Usually, songs are been recorded in a studio beforehand and afterwards actors perform the songs in movies with lip-synch to those recorded songs. Also, music can be used as a foreshadowing, to make the audience ready for a dramatic scene. One type of music in films is called anxious music, which is a warning to get the audience ready for the next scene. That anxious music sometimes might just be false alarm. Lyrics can be attached to music and thats when characterization can be more accurate (Giannetti, 2010). The deeper reality of film music, the necessity which found body in its lucky accident, involves the way the film tries to evoke a sort of temporary and illusive film-subjectivity, which closely mimics our everyday subjectivity. (Spande, 2005). Musical, is one of the most common genres in films, like opera and ballet. There are two types of musicals: realistic and formalistic. Realistic Musicals are mainly offstage stories and the production numbers are introduced as dramatically reasonable. Formalistic Musicals make no believe at realism. Right in the middle of a scene, actors just come out in a song and dance without losing out into the number with a reasonable pretext (Giannetti, 2010). Words in movies are spoken not written. Actors can stress and emphasize on some words over others in order to reach the right effects needed. By pausing and/or hesitating, an actor can completely change the meaning of the whole sentence. Harold Pinter, the dramatist and screen writer, believes that language is more of a cross-talk; which is a method of covering up fears and doubts. This method is more efficient in films than on stage, due to having camera close ups that are capable of expressing the intended meanings behind the words. Moreover, music and sound effects may change the meaning of words. For example, a sentence spoken in an echo hall will be totally different than a sentence being whispered. Spoken language in films can have so many different meanings based on the vocal and visual emphasis and the soundtracks. Furthermore, spoken language in films has two types: monologue and dialogue. Monologues are usually combined with documentaries; which means that a narrator off sc reen tells the audience some information along with some visuals. Usually monologues are used in fiction movies. Besides, showing what an actor is thinking about is called interior monologue, this method is often used in plays and novels. Moreover, Dialogues are break down into stage dialogue and screen dialogue. Stage dialogues are not realistic even in realistic plays, because in real life people dont express their thoughts or feelings with such accuracy. On the other hand, film dialogues tend to be more realistic, because in films camera close ups make it much easier to show details. Furthermore, in dubbed movies it is hard to match up sound with image, especially when the movement of an actors lips isnt synchronized with the sound (Giannetti, 2010). Applying the Sound Technique in the movie Amadeus: Amadeus is considered a musical drama biography film. The use of music in Amadeus doesnt simply add to the background sound; however it plays more essential role; it becomes a character and a part of the narrative. Moreover, throughout the whole film, we can hear pieces of Mozart and Salieris music. Music in Amadeus was very important, because the whole film circles around music. The writer of Amadeus, Shaffer, uses Salieri to translate Mozarts music to the audience by explaining the core of Mozarts music piece. The director of the movie, Forman, tried to pay a lot of attention to the details of music in Amadeus and ways to record it. In Amadeus, the movie was shot around the music and not the other way around. Mozarts operas that were included in the film, showed the excellence of the musical and visual quality of the movie. At the start of the movie, there was a dramatic opening scene with the music of Don Giovanni, which represented fright and despair. That scene was dark and Salieri was shouting out Mozarts name asking for his forgiveness. The operas that were shown in the movie were related to the plot. They object as instruments of both Mozart and Salieri. In the movie, Mozarts operas show his position and how he is a great composer. And Salieris operas show how his work turns against him and how his battle is hurting him. Some of the melodies in those operas were symbolic in the movie. Almost in the middle of the movie, in the scene where Salieri was browsing through Mozarts handwritten composition, music appeared while Salieri was reading through the transcript. Music appeared in this scene to demonstrate to the audience the various emotions that Salieri was feeling. He was admiring what he was reading, however envying Mozart and also feeling despair of himself. Moreover, the music in this specific scene was presented also to show the audience how Mozarts work was creative and different than the usual. Besides, the scene shows that when Salieri reads the notes, he and the audience both hears the music. But in fact Salieri is not really hearing the music; instead he is imagining it in his head. The audience, on the other hand, is the ones who are really listening to the music. Salieri is experiencing the same piece of music as the audience, but not listening or hearing it for real. He is having very strong feelings of the value of the music and admiring the excelle nt quality of it while getting it through his mind instead of hearing it through his ears. Furthermore, a scene that is alike is when Mozart was dying. Mozart was dictating Salieri in a very high speed that no one can follow except of Salieri. Within a short time after the dictation, we hear the Requiem, the opera that Mozart was working on. We first hear it single instruments, then the whole final form all together. Then, we hear the whole Requiem when Mozarts wife comes back home. Also, in Amadeus some of the music was there to present what is going on in Mozarts head. Throughout the whole film, we can see how he continually hears music in his head and then he writes the notes down. This great skill of Mozart to produce his music is used in so many scenes in the film. In the scene right before the entrance of Lorl, Mozarts Father, we see that Mozart was composing his music and we also hear the music that he is hearing in his head. Then Mozarts wife, Constance, enters and had to shout his name out in order for him to hear her over the music that was played in his head. Suddenly, the music stops and Constance begins to argue with Leopold. After that, Mozart goes back to his work and the sound of music comes again, when the voices of his wife and his father fades away slowly. Another example of the sound, one of the cinematic techniques, in Amadeus is how difficult the thoughts were being expressed throughout some of the scenes with no words, but with music instead. For instance, in the scene where Mozart left his house, work, and his wife to go to party, he entertains people by singing The Magic Flute and playing the piano. The scene shows us how even though he was trying to sing louder and louder, he was feeling guilty for leaving his wife asleep at home and leaving his work behind, but that wasnt shown by any words, rather it was being expressed by the sound of music. Last but not least, one of the most extraordinary sounds in Amadeus was the giggle of Mozart. Its a high pitched giggle and a memorable sound, which was repeated several times throughout the entire movie. The first time we heard that giggle was in the scene where Mozart meets up with the Emperor. And at the end of the film, we hear Mozarts giggle ones again while it echoes throughout his music to end the movie. How this (Sound technique) was closely connected to another technique: At the start of the movie, Salieri was visited by a young priest for confession. Salieri started to talk about the relation between him and Mozart. During the entire movie, the scenes were cut back to this first scene of the movie, the dialogue between Salieri and the priest, which is called a frame story. The scenes that were cut back to the start of the movie were all flashbacks to Salieri and Mozarts lives. Conclusion: In Amadeus, Berger notes, The music becomes another character-theres Mozart and Salieri and the music. Its so perfectly and intimately integrated with the story and the transitions and the underlining, its one of the few movies that is able to coalesce all the functions of music-as source, as score, as underscore, as background-and it adds the idea of it as a voice in itself. (Jackson, 2002).

Essay on the Flying Motif in Song of Solomon :: Song Solomon essays

Importance of the Flying Motif in Song of Solomon    Throughout literature it has been common for authors to use allusions to complement recurrent motifs in their work. In Toni Morrison's Song Of Solomon, Milkman learns that his desire to fly has been passed down to him from his ancestor Solomon. As Milkman is figuring out the puzzle of his ancestry, he realizes that when Solomon tried to take his youngest son, Jake, flying with him, he dropped him and Jake never arrived with his father to their destination.    It seems quite probable that Morrison drew from the Daedalus/Icarus Greek myth. Daedalus was a well-known architect and engineer in Athens. King Mines invited Daedalus to Crete to build him a labyrinth, and when it was completed, Mines jailed him within it. In order to escape, Daedalus built two sets of wings - one pair for himself, and the other for his son, Icarus- using wax and feathers, which they used to fly off from Crete. On their journey to Athens, Icarus decided to try to challenge the sun, even though his father had warned him that if he got too near to the sea his wings would dampen and fall apart, or if he got too close to the sun, the wax in his wings would melt, and he would lose the ability to fly. Ignoring Daedalus' warnings, Icarus flew too high and the sun melted the wax that held his wings together. Icarus fell into the Aegean Sea and died.    Solomon, a slave, had been a leader when he worked in the cotton fields in the South. One day he decided to fly back to Africa with his youngest son, Jake, leaving behind his wife Ryna and their twenty other children. Black lady fell down on the ground Come booba yalle, come booma tambee Threw her body all around Come konka yalle, come konka tambee...(303).    This verse of the popular children's song which Milkman heard in Shalimar, Virginia, was referring to Ryna's sobbing, an event which also led to the naming of Ryna's Gulch where it is rumored that Ryna's spirit moaned night and day alike for Solomon's return. When Solomon is flying, however, he drops Jake- also the name of Milkman's grandfather- and unlike Icarus in Greek mythology, Jake survives his fall.    Milkman's desire to fly mirrors one of the foremost fantasies of any child or dreamer.

Computer Crime :: essays research papers

Computer Crime Advances in telecommunications and in computer technology have brought us to the information revolution. The rapid advancement of the telephone, cable, satellite and computer networks, combined with the help of technological breakthroughs in computer processing speed, and information storage, has lead us to the latest revolution, and also the newest style of crime, "computer crime". The following information will provide you with evidence that without reasonable doubt, computer crime is on the increase in the following areas: hackers, hardware theft, software piracy and the information highway. This information is gathered from expert sources such as researchers, journalists, and others involved in the field. Computer crimes are often heard a lot about in the news. When you ask someone why he/she robbed banks, they world replied, "Because that's where the money is." Today's criminals have learned where the money is. Instead of settling for a few thousand dollars in a bank robbery, those with enough computer knowledge can walk away from a computer crime with many millions. The National Computer Crimes Squad estimates that between 85 and 97 percent of computer crimes are not even detected. Fewer than 10 percent of all computer crimes are reported this is mainly because organizations fear that their employees, clients, and stockholders will lose faith in them if they admit that their computers have been attacked. And few of the crimes that are reported are ever solved. Hacking was once a term that was used to describe someone with a great deal of knowledge with computers. Since then the definition has seriously changed. In every neighborhood there are criminals, so you could say that hackers are the criminals of the computers around us. There has been a great increase in the number of computer break-ins since the Internet became popular. How serious is hacking? In 1989, the Computer Emergency Response Team, a organization that monitors computer security issues in North America said that they had 132 cases involving computer break-ins. In 1994 alone they had some 2,341 cases, that's almost an 1800% increase in just 5 years. An example is 31 year old computer expert Kevin Mitnick that was arrested by the FBI for stealing more then $1 million worth in data and about 20,000 credit card numbers through the Internet. In Vancouver, the RCMP have arrested a teenager with breaking into a university computer network. There have been many cases of computer hacking, another one took place here in Toronto, when Adam Shiffman was charged with nine counts of fraudulent use of computers and eleven counts of mischief to data, this all carries a maximum sentence of 10 years in jail.

Double Entry Journals for the Crucible Essay

Analysis â€Å"We cannot flinch; these are new times, sir. There is a misty plot afoot so subtle we should be criminal to cling to old respects and ancient friendships. I have seen too many frightful proofs in court—the Devil is alive in Salem, and we dare not quail to follow wherever the accusing finger points! †¦in great pain: Man, remember, until an hour before the Devil fell, God thought him beautiful in Heaven† (1244). Mass paranoia, confusion, fear Despite being an educated man, Hale is fully embracing the witch-hunt and keeps advocating it. The people of Salem are too afraid to question the validity of the witchcraft claims because even â€Å"God thought him beautiful in Heaven† -an hour before the Devil fell-. How can common men of Salem identify the Devil correctly? â€Å"Ancient friendships† are no longer relevant because anyone, even a close friend can be in the league with the Devil. Although it is not important whether the person is a Devil-worshipper or not because the people of Salem do not â€Å"dare not quail to follow wherever the accusing finger points†, Hale himself appears to believe that anyone accused has the potential of being a Devil-worshipper and worth to be interrogated. Since the way of the Devil is â€Å"so subtle† that the people of Salem â€Å"should be criminal† even to trust their friends now. The small bits of evidence seem to be forced or plotted, but according to Hale, all such proofs were real, â€Å"frightful†, and more than enough to be used to convict the accused. There appears to be a very thin line between being a devote Christian and a devil-worshipper, even to sensible Mr. Hale. â€Å"If she is innocent! Why do you never wonder if Parris be innocent, or Abigail? Is the accuser always holy now? Were they born this morning as clean as God’s fingers? I’ll tell you what’s walking Salem-vengeance is walking Salem. We are what we always were in Salem, but now the little crazy children are jangling the keys of the kingdom, and common vengeance writes the law! This warrant’s vengeance† (1246)! Justice, power The people of Salem expect that their legal system, based on the Bible, has the truth of God, However, it is being manipulated very easily as in this case. Proctor mocks this notion by pointing out that the accusers may have their own selfish reasons for their accusations, but due to their holy legal system, their will commands the laws. Proctor refers this fact by the phrase â€Å"common vengeance writes the law†. He repeats this point –bravely- several times in the quote â€Å"vengeance is walking Salem† and â€Å"this warrant’s vengeance† to reinforce this idea. He clearly points the double standards in the current justice system by asking â€Å"Is the accuser always holy now†? He is questioning the innocence of Abigail and the girls by making radical comparison between them and the God’s fingers, which had inscribed the Ten Commandments. Even though Proctor uses an extreme comparison to mock the girls, the power they seized at Sale m is far beyond their own rights. Deciding who will die and live is godly power as â€Å"jangling the keys of the kingdom† refers to. Proctor is simply pointing out the ridiculousness of the situation while trying to save his wife’s life. However, when fear and greed takes over; the logic becomes irrelevant, which makes all his efforts futile. â€Å"Now Hell and Heaven grapple on our backs, and all our old pretense is ripped away-make your peace! He throws her to the floor, where she sobs, â€Å"I cannot, I cannot.† And now, half to himself, staring, and turning to the open door: Peace. It is providence, and no great change; we are only what we always were, but naked now. He walks as though toward a great horror, facing the open sky. Aye, naked! And the wind, God’s icy wind, will blow† (1248)! Deception, adultery, guilt, honesty, punishment Proctor has not been honest with his wife, Elizabeth, about his relationship with Abigail, which put Elizabeth in a vulnerable position. He feels guilty about it but at the same time until his wife gets taken to the jail upon accusation of Abigail for witch crafting, he never even considered admitting it. Adultery is one of the ten commandments and Proctor is expecting a lot of trouble for revealing it. Even though Elizabeth already senses it, Proctor may lose â€Å"peace† and happiness in his marriage forever. He may also be criticized harshly by the people for his sin. Also, he may make Abigail very mad, which is a crazy thing to do under the circumstances. Abigail wants to take place of Elizabeth and getting her killed is very easy for Abigail. Being at the verge of revealing such a shameful secret makes Proctor feel as if he is â€Å"naked† and â€Å"facing the open sky†. The quote repeats â€Å"naked† several times to emphasize the shame Proctor feels about revealing this secret. â€Å"Icy wind† represents the hurt he is expecting to feel afterwards due to brutal critism, shame and guilt. â€Å"I cannot charge murder on Abigail†. †¦ â€Å"She†ll kill me for saying that†! †¦ â€Å"Abby will charge lechery on you, Mr. Proctor†! †¦ â€Å"I cannot, they’ll turn on me—â€Å" (1248) Terror Even though Mary Warren is now official of the court helping girls to decide who is performing with craft, she is extremely scared of getting accused herself. She is very well aware of the extend of the evilness of Abigail and the girls and knows that they will seek revenge if she helps Proctor to clear Elizabeth’s name about the puppet. Mary W. feels extremely scared of Abigail as she uses the phrase â€Å"she’ll kill me† and â€Å"they’ll turn on me†, which means that Mary Warren would do anything they expect her to do such as  blaming others of worshipping the Devil, or keeping puppets at their house to harm other people, which makes the Mary Warren a true puppet and Abigail and the girls true witches harming innocent people using the puppets like Mary Warren. â€Å"Giles: That bloody mongrel Walcott charge her. Y’see he buy a pig of my wife four or five year ago, and the pig died soon after. So he come dancin’ in for his money back. So my Martha, she says to him, â€Å"Walcott, if you haven’t the wit to feed the pig properly, you’ll not live to own many,† she says. Now he goes to court and claims that from that day to this he cannot a pig alive for more than four weeks because my Martha bewitched them with her books† (1244) Slippery slope Martha gets accused of wicth craft by Walcott just because the pig he purchased from her dies –probably because Walcott did not take care of the pig well-. However, the accusation is that Martha is practicing witch craft with her books. Walcott seems to be taking advantage of the current insanity to resolve past enmity. Even though Giles seems very upset about the situation and finds Walcott’s accusations groundless, in Act I, it was him trying to use Hale’s influence to spy on his wife and learn about what kind of books she was reading and accusing her with â€Å"the stoppage of prayer†. Giles seems to have initiated the fall of his loved one unintentionally. About Walcott’s accusation and the logic: Even though there may be many other reasons for the pig to die after its purchase from Martha and there is no obvious correlation between two events, the court choses to treat this case with extreme and concludes that the pig died because Martha was pr acticing witch craft. It is a long jump, very illogical conclusion.

How effective is 99 Cents Only Stores’ strategy for IT infrastructure investments? Essay

Management Information Systems Tenth Edition provides a number of case studies for you to analyze. Included in these cases are questions to help you understand and analyze the case. You may, however, be assigned other case studies that do not have questions. This Hands-on Guide presents a structured framework to help you analyze such cases as well as the case studies in this text. Knowing how to analyze a case will help you attack virtually any business problem. A case study helps students learn by immersing them in a real-world business scenario where they can act as problem-solvers and decision-makers. The case presents facts about a particular organization. Students are asked to analyze the case by focusing on the most important facts and using this information to determine the opportunities and problems facing that organization. Students are then asked to identify alternative courses of action to deal with the problems they identify. A case study analysis must not merely summarize the case. It should identify key issues and problems, outline and assess alternative courses of action, and draw appropriate conclusions. The case study analysis can be broken down into the following steps: 1. Identify the most important facts surrounding the case. 2. Identify the key issue or issues. 3. Specify alternative courses of action. 4. Evaluate each course of action. 5. Recommend the best course of action. Let’s look at what each step involves. 1. Identify the most important facts surrounding the case. Read the case several times to become familiar with the information it contains. Pay attention to the information in any accompanying exhibits, tables, or figures. Many case scenarios, as in real life, present a great deal of detailed information. Some of these facts are more relevant that others for problem identification. One can assume the facts and figures in the case are true, but statements, judgments, or decisions made by individuals should be questioned. Underline and then list the most important facts and figures that would help you define the central problem or issue. If key facts and numbers are not available, you can make assumptions, but these assumptions should be reasonable given the situation. The â€Å"correctness† of your conclusions may depend on the assumptions you make. 2. Identify the key issue or issues. Use the facts provided by the case to identify the key issue or issues facing the company you are studying. Many cases present multiple issues or problems. Identify the most important and separate them from more trivial issues. State the major problem or challenge facing the company. You should be able to describe the problem or challenge in one or two sentences. You should be able to explain how this problem affects the strategy or performance of the organization. You will need to explain why the problem occurred. Does the problem or challenge facing the company come from a changing environment, new opportunities, a declining market share, or inefficient internal or external business processes? In the case of information systems-related problems, you need to pay special attention to the role of technology as well as the behavior of the organization and its management. Information system problems in the business world typically present a combination of management, technology, and organizational issues. When identifying the key issue or problem, ask what kind of problem it is: Is it a management problem, a technology problem, an organizational problem, or a combination of these? What management, organizational and technology factors contributed to the problem? To determine if a problem stems from management factors, consider whether managers are exerting appropriate leadership over the organization and monitoring organizational performance. Consider also the nature of management decision-making: Do managers have sufficient information for performing this role, or do they fail to take advantage of the information that is available? To determine if a problem stems from technology factors, examine any issues arising from the organization’s information technology infrastructure: its hardware, software, networks and telecommunications infrastructure, and the management of data in databases or traditional files. Consider also the whether the appropriate management and organizational assets are in place to use this technology effectively. To determine the role of organizational factors, examine any issues arising from the organization’s structure, culture, business processes, work groups, divisions among interest groups, relationships with other organizations, as well as the impact of changes in the organization’s external environment-changes in government regulations, economic conditions, or the actions of competitors, customers, and suppliers. You will have to decide which of these factors-or a combination of factors– is most important in explaining why the problem occurred. 3. Specify alternative courses of action. List the courses of action the company can take to solve its problem or meet the challenge it faces. For information system-related problems, do these alternatives require a new information system or the modification of an existing system? Are new technologies, business processes, organizational structures, or management behavior required? What changes to organizational processes would be required by each alternative? What management policy would be required to implement each alternative? Remember, there is a difference between what an organization â€Å"should do† and what that organization actually â€Å"can do.† Some solutions are too expensive or operationally difficult to implement, and you should avoid solutions that are beyond the organization’s resources. Identify the constraints that will limit the solutions available. Is each alternative executable given these constraints? 4. Evaluate each course of action. Evaluate each alternative using the facts and issues you identified earlier, given the conditions and information available. Identify the costs and benefits of each alternative. Ask yourself â€Å"What would be the likely outcome of this course of action? State the risks as well as the rewards associated with each course of action. Is your recommendation feasible from a technical, operational, and financial standpoint? Be sure to state any assumptions on which you have based your decision. 5. Recommend the best course of action. State your choice for the best course of action and provide a detailed explanation of why you made this selection. You may also want to provide an explanation of why other alternatives were not selected. Your final recommendation should flow logically from the rest of your case analysis and should clearly specify what assumptions were used to shape your conclusion. There is often no single â€Å"right† answer, and each option is likely to have risks as well as rewards.

The Freedom of Information Act 2000 Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Freedom of Information Act 2000 - Case Study Example However, not all information may be divulged by public authorities. Those relating to matters of national security, for example, cannot be given, as well as those which can be properly classified as secret information even of foreign governments or international organizations. Prohibition in these areas is considered absolute and no amount of reconsideration may reverse the same. Other areas, on the other hand, are exempted, subject to some qualifications. In these aspects, the public authority concerned has to decide where the public interest would be subserved more: in maintaining the exemption or not. In case a request is denied, the requesting party may ask for reconsideration from the Information Commissioner who has the power to reverse the decision of the public authority who previously denied the request. This decision, however, may still be appealed to the Information Tribunal, a special tribunal especially created for the same. In relation thereto, the Government per se may interfere and override the decisions of the public authority, Information Commissioner and Information Tribunal.   In short, every right has its own limitations. The national interest cannot be bargained away in exchange for the public's right to know. The Information Act 2000 recognizes this inherent right of every state, the government, in particular, to maintain some qualified information which may prove detrimental to the national interest. The public's right to know, although recognized, is inferior to the national interest, and cannot be placed above and beyond the so-called national interest since the latter affects the country as a whole. Another important consideration is the prohibition on request for personal information, despite the fact that some of them are being kept and recorded by an agency of the government. Since this involves not just public information but mainly personal data of the state's constituents, requests for this kind of information are properly covered by the Data Protection Act 1998. Personal right of individuals and entities are considered beyond the ambit of the state's disposition.

Human Resource Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 15

Human Resource Management - Essay Example Once a top executive realises that no matter how hard he struggles for his organisation, all he will receive is his fixed salary, the performance levels of the executive will begin to recede. The removal of incentive is effectively the removal of motivation on the job for such positions. It must also be realised that when such executives join office their primary motivation is the challenge posed by the new position. Once an executive figures out how to manage the new position, the real motivation begins to disappear from the job. In order to keep motivation on the job to a high level, it would be desirable to use a fixed and variable pay structure to serve as the executive’s motivation. On another note, this pay structure aids in ensuring that the executive treats his job more seriously than before because his financial stakes are involved with the performance of the organisation. While it may be considered as cumbersome by some top executives but this model ensures that the organisation pays the executive back in proportion to their

Tarantino's Marketing Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Tarantino's Marketing - Case Study Example This set the stage for the meteoric rise of his next film, which was the Oscar winning Pulp Fiction. Tarantino had established a career through the impact these first two projects. In 1994 Reservoir Dogs was voted best film and best debut and in 1995 Pulp Fiction was voted best film and Tarantino best director by Empire magazine1. This seemed to be a new kind of director making new kinds of films which were enormously popular, and which employed extremely good marketing. This dissertation will look in detail at the general marketing and in particular at the posters and other visual media used in these campaigns. It will be focusing on the images, colours and language used and the affect on their audience. In addition, it will be looking also at other visual marketing activities that have been undertaken, for example guerrilla marketing which has used striking posters in unusual locations as well as props scattered around various cities seemingly randomly which made great photos news advertising. It will look at the effect that movie posters have on the film-going public - it seemed that at one time everyone had (or still has) these posters in their rooms. The more controversial side of this medium will also be explored. What techniques are used to create the shock factor and interest in the films that are being advertised How do these techniques actually work, and what implications do they have on other practitioners in the field, and what impact do they have on wider film culture. Finally, the paper will discuss if this style and form of advertising actually has the effect intended. Chapter 1 This chapter will investigate Quentin Tarantino and the types of films that he makes and how this shapes the type of advertising techniques he would use. From this we will then look to investigate the way in which Quentin Tarantino uses shock advertising to grab the attention of the public. Before Tarantino, the general use of posters in advertising forthcoming films, as well as the actual trailers for the films, had been the industry standard method for many years. Eventually as in every design or art medium this dual concept would grow and evolve into a stable model.Tarantino upset this standard set-up by using strikingly original sometimes shocking, single images amongstother marketing and advertising strategies to establish points if difference. Following Tarantino's success, the film advertising industry was not slow to follow his lead using more and more original ideas, using unusual and shocking visual images, to capture the public's imagination. Quentin Tarantino's film Kill Bill had an advertising campaign that illustrates some of these methods. Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Many different campaigns were designed and they all look different but they all conveyed the same kinds of striking imagery. Also images were used on unusual blank canvases throughout cities, elevator doors for example. This type of advertising added to Quentin Tarantino's reputation as a both as filmmaker and as a general creative person (he also writes scripts). This chapter will therefore concentrate on the effects of the advertising used by Quentin Tarantino and his marketing team. Why have they decided to use a variety of mediums to advertise his films I will attempt to understand how these advertising techn

Does wod strategy have a definite meaning in business parlance Essay

Does wod strategy have a definite meaning in business parlance - Essay Example With such rethinking, new ways are devised to counter the threats. Alternatively, some new opportunities may emerge in the environment which had not been there in the past. In order to take advantage of these opportunities the company reassesses the approaches it had been following and changes its courses of action. These courses of action are what we may call strategies undoubtedly strategy is one of the most significant concept to emerge in the subject of management. It has emerged as a critical input to organizational success and has come in handy as a tool to deal with the uncertainties that organizations face. It has helped to reduce ambiguity and provide a solid foundation as a theory of conduct business- a convenient way to structure the many variables that operate in the organizational context and to understand their interrelationship. When we think of long-term direction of an organization we immediately think of strategy. Matching of the resources and activities of an organ ization to the environment in which it operates is the basic requirement for strategy. This may be called as the search for strategic fit. Strategic fit is developing strategy by identifying opportunities in the business environment and adopting resources and competences so as to take advantage of these (Porter, 1980). ... Strategies exist at a number of levels in an organization. It is possible to distinguish at least three different levels of organizational strategy. Corporate level strategy (Andrews, 1987) is concerned with the overall purpose and scope of an organizational and how value will be added to different parts of (business units) the organizations. This could include issues of geographical coverage, diversity of products/services or business units and how resources are to be allocated between the different parts of the organization. The second level can be thought of in terms of business unit strategy (Hall, 1978) which is about how to complete successfully in particular markets. The concerns are therefore about how advantage over competitors can be achieved; what new opportunities can be identified or created in market; which product or services should be developed in which markets; and the extent to which these meet customer needs in such a way to achieve the objectives of the organizati on-perhaps long term profitability or market share growth. So where as corporate strategy involves decisions about the organization as a whole, strategic decision here need to be related to a strategic business unit (SBU). A strategic business unit is any part of a business organization which is treated separately for strategic management purpose. In public sector organizations a corresponding definition of a SBU might be a part of the organization or service for which there is a distinct client group. But confusion can often arise because an SBU may not be fixed in terms of an organizational structure. It may not be a separate structural part of an organization. The third level of strategy is at the operating end

Two Cultural Practices Among The Yanomamo Essay

Two Cultural Practices Among The Yanomamo - Essay Example He describes them as a society constantly â€Å"living in a state of chronic warfare† (p. 22). The purpose of this paper is therefore to show that contrary to popular portrayal of the Yanomamo as a community dominated by senseless violence, instances of warfare are only sporadic and waged for specific purposes (Harris, 1979). In expounding on this view, the paper will look at two main cultural practices among the Yanomamo society that shapes their beliefs and practices as a people. Festivals as a cultural practice Festivals play an important role among the Yanomamo people, and are part and parcel of their culture. They are important to the Yanomamo people because they serve both social and political functions. They are held to cultivate and reaffirm friendships among the villages. Feasting among the Yanomamo involves the sharing of meals, which in a larger extent, symbolizes the sharing of goods through trade and other economic practices that are prevalent among the Yanomamo. These festivities are therefore used to form a social bond among the tribes, despite their warring nature, and to honor and appease the spirits of their ancestors. The Yanomamo people practice a lot of festivities and rituals which include hunting rituals, marriage festivals, songs and dance festivals, and the hugely shocking endocannibalist ritual, which involves the consumption of a deceased’s ashes. ... The hunting festival plays an important role among the Yanomamo culture. They practice two main hunting festivals, the â€Å"rami† which provides them with meat, and the â€Å"heniyomou† which is practiced by the whole community collectively for special guests (Micheli, 2011). The festival is carried out in the evenings and is characterized by songs and dances. Here the young men are required to compose songs amidst laughter from the older members of the society. Whereas the Yanomamo consider marriage to be an important event in their culture, they have no actual marriage ceremonies. The Yanomamo marriage is basically a handing over affair as the suitors were already predetermined by the parents of the girl when she was at a tender age (Micheli, 2011). Such marriages are usually organized as a means of creating alliances with the men and other tribes. Perhaps the most elaborate and well organized festivity/ritual among the Yanomamo is their funeral ceremonies. To the Ya nomamo, death is a great source of grief and anger, no matter the age, gender or position of the deceased, to the whole society. This is because they believe the cause of such death results from sorcery or witchcraft from the rival tribes (Fergusson, 2001). They thus mourn their dead with passion, and mark a ritual where they cremate their dead and ingest the remains of the deceased. This form of endocannibalism is a unique feature among the Yanomamo, who believe by ingesting the remains of the dead member of the society they are preserving his spirit within the society. The major significance of these festivities among the Yanomamo was that they acted as social activities where the community